The reindeer commonly seen in Lapland are semi-domesticated and owned by herders, known as poro. True wild reindeer in Lapland, the Finnish forest reindeer (Metsäpeura), are a distinct, much rarer native species that are shy and seldom encountered by visitors. All herded reindeer have unique earmarks, while wild ones do not, and they behave differently when encountering humans.
Understanding the difference between these two types of reindeer is important for appreciating Lapland's nature and culture. Herded reindeer are integral to a traditional livelihood, while the wild forest reindeer symbolizes the untamed wilderness.
The Reindeer You Will Meet: The Herded Reindeer (Poro)
When you travel through Finnish Lapland, nearly every reindeer you encounter is a herded reindeer, or poro in Finnish. Although they roam freely across vast, unfenced landscapes, each one belongs to a herder and is part of a specific herding cooperative, known as a paliskunta.
These animals are the backbone of a traditional livelihood that has sustained people in the Arctic for generations. They are semi-domesticated, meaning they are accustomed to human presence but live natural lives foraging in the wilderness. Herders gather their reindeer only a few times a year for earmarking, counting, and selecting animals for slaughter or for training as sleigh reindeer.
Their appearance is what most people picture: sturdy, with thick coats and impressive antlers. Their temperament is calm and patient, a result of generations of living alongside humans. This gentle nature makes them perfect for pulling sleighs, offering a silent, magical way to glide through the snowy forests. The deep connection between herders and their animals is a vital part of why reindeer are so important to Lapland's culture.
In popular destinations like Levi and Rovaniemi, visiting a reindeer farm is a highlight for many travellers. These visits offer a chance to meet the animals up close and learn about the herding lifestyle. A sleigh ride is the most peaceful way to explore the winter landscape. As you sit comfortably in the sleigh, the only sounds are the soft crunch of snow and the gentle tinkling of the reindeer's bell.
When you join one of our sleigh rides in Levi, you are not just taking a tour; you are participating in a living tradition. Our experiences are led by local guides who have grown up with these animals. They share stories of the Arctic seasons, the challenges of herding, and the deep bond that connects them to their reindeer, making the journey much more than just a ride.
The Ghost of the Forest: The Wild Finnish Forest Reindeer (Metsäpeura)
Yes, there are truly wild reindeer in Finland. They are a rare and protected native species called the Finnish forest reindeer (Metsäpeura), the wild ancestor of the herded reindeer. It is a distinct subspecies that is native to the forests of Finland and Russian Karelia and is incredibly elusive.
Physically, it is perfectly adapted for life in deep, snowy forests. It is one of the largest reindeer subspecies in the world, standing taller and more slender than the herded reindeer. Its longer legs help it move through thick snow, and its narrower, V-shaped antlers are better suited for navigating dense woods without getting tangled. These adaptations are a fascinating example of how reindeer survive the Arctic climate.
Seeing a Finnish forest reindeer in the wild is extremely rare. They are shy animals that avoid human settlements and roads, preferring the solitude of remote, old-growth forests. Their populations are small and concentrated in specific areas, primarily in the regions of Kainuu and Suomenselkä, which are south of the main tourist destinations in Lapland. While their range is slowly expanding, spotting one remains a privilege reserved for the patient and the very lucky.
How to Tell Them Apart
If you see a reindeer in Lapland, how can you know which type it is? Here are a few clear indicators:
- Earmarks: This is the most definitive sign. All herded reindeer have a unique combination of cuts on their ears that acts as an ownership mark. It’s like a brand for a cowboy’s cattle. A wild forest reindeer has no such marks.
- Behavior: A herded reindeer might glance at you or your car with mild curiosity before continuing to graze. A wild forest reindeer will almost certainly flee the moment it detects your presence.
- Location: If you see a large herd, a reindeer on a farm, or one walking calmly by a road, it is a herded reindeer. Wild forest reindeer are typically found in small groups or alone, deep in the wilderness far from any human activity.
The Human-Animal Bond: A Lapland Tradition
The relationship with reindeer is part of a wider story of partnership between humans and animals in the Arctic. For centuries, survival in this demanding environment has depended on working together. This heritage is alive today on husky and horse farms across Lapland, where the rhythm of life still follows the seasons and the needs of the animals.
The traditional Finnhorse, a sturdy and calm native breed, was essential for forestry, farming, and transport long before snowmobiles arrived. Similarly, sled dogs have been vital companions for northern peoples, providing reliable transport across vast snowy landscapes.
When you visit these farms, you step into an authentic Arctic lifestyle. The knowledgeable caretakers share insights into daily routines, training, and the special bond that forms between a musher and their dogs or a rider and their horse. It’s a connection built on trust and mutual respect, a tradition we are proud to continue with our own Finnhorses and husky teams.
While the chance of encountering a wild forest reindeer on your trip is very slim, the herded reindeer offers an authentic and accessible connection to Lapland's nature. Experiencing the quiet peace of a forest from a sleigh pulled by these gentle animals is a memory that lasts a lifetime.
At Polar Lights Tours, we invite you to experience this magic firsthand. Our reindeer sleigh rides in Levi give you a chance to connect with these iconic Arctic animals, learn from local guides, and feel the peaceful rhythm of the north.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a herded reindeer called in Finnish?
A herded reindeer is called poro in Finnish. These are the semi-domesticated animals you will most likely encounter during your travels in Lapland.
Where can I see wild Finnish forest reindeer?
Seeing a wild Finnish forest reindeer is extremely rare. They are shy and prefer remote, old-growth forests, primarily in the Kainuu and Suomenselkä regions, which are south of major tourist areas in Lapland.
How do herded reindeer contribute to Lapland's culture?
Herded reindeer are the backbone of a traditional livelihood that has sustained people in the Arctic for generations. They are also used for sleigh rides, offering a peaceful way to experience the winter landscape and connect with local traditions.
Are reindeer farms common in Lapland?
Yes, visiting a reindeer farm is a popular activity in destinations like Levi and Rovaniemi. These farms offer a chance to meet herded reindeer up close and learn about the herding lifestyle.